Preimplantation Genetic Tests PGD/PGS
What is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for embryos?
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) encompasses three distinct types of assessments conducted on embryos within the context of in vitro fertilization (IVF):
1. PGT-A, which focuses on screening embryos for abnormal chromosome numbers.
2. PGT-M, which targets specific monogenic diseases or individual genetic abnormalities.
3. PGT-SR, intended for detecting structural rearrangements in chromosomes, such as inversions or translocations.
Fertility specialists perform these tests for crucial reasons. Firstly, they aim to identify genetic anomalies in embryos that often lead to failed implantation or miscarriage, thereby increasing the chances of successful IVF outcomes. Secondly, PGT helps in pinpointing embryos carrying genetic defects that could result in severe hereditary conditions or even infant mortality, such as muscular dystrophy.
Embryos found to harbor such genetic flaws are typically excluded from the transfer process to the mother’s womb, thus averting potential pregnancy complications. Extensive research underscores that genetic errors in embryos significantly contribute to failed pregnancies and live births. Couples considering PGT can consult with fertility specialists to explore available procedures and make informed decisions.
The terminology shift from preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to PGT reflects an evolution within the medical community. PGT-A now fulfills the role previously attributed to PGS, while either PGT-SR or PGT-M replaces the functions of PGD, depending on the nature of the genetic assessment required. Despite these semantic changes, the fundamental processes of conducting the tests remain largely consistent.
Why is PGT Helpful?
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are invaluable tools in assisted reproductive technologies for several reasons:
Enhanced IVF Success Rates: PGT helps identify embryos with chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects that could impede successful implantation or lead to miscarriage. By excluding such embryos from transfer to the mother’s womb, PGT increases the likelihood of implantation success and reduces the risk of failed IVF cycles.
Prevention of Genetic Disorders: PGT enables the detection of embryos carrying specific genetic mutations or abnormalities associated with inheritable diseases. By identifying and excluding these embryos from the transfer process, PGT helps prevent the birth of children affected by severe genetic disorders, thus sparing families from the emotional and financial burden of managing such conditions.
Ethical Considerations: PGT and PGD offer ethically sound approaches to reproductive decision-making by empowering couples to prioritize the health and well-being of their future children. They allow for the selection of embryos free from known genetic abnormalities, ensuring that children born through IVF have the best possible start in life while respecting ethical principles.
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) play pivotal roles in improving the safety, success, and ethical integrity of assisted reproductive technologies, providing hope and reassurance to couples navigating the IVF journey.
Who are Good Candidates For PGT?
Good candidates for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) typically include individuals or couples who:
- Have a history of recurrent miscarriages or failed IVF cycles: PGT can help identify embryos with chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects that may have contributed to previous pregnancy losses or unsuccessful IVF attempts.
- Carry known genetic disorders: Individuals with a family history of inheritable genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or Huntington’s disease, may opt for PGT to reduce the risk of passing these disorders onto their children.
- Are carriers of genetic mutations: Even if individuals do not exhibit symptoms of a genetic disorder themselves, they may carry mutations that could be passed on to their offspring. PGT allows for the identification and selection of embryos without these mutations.
- Have advanced maternal or paternal age: Advanced parental age is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. PGT can help mitigate this risk by screening embryos for chromosomal abnormalities before transfer.
- Have experienced infertility due to unknown causes: In cases where infertility is unexplained, PGT can provide insights into potential genetic factors contributing to infertility and guide treatment decisions.
- Seek to avoid selective pregnancy termination: PGT provides an opportunity to select embryos free from known genetic abnormalities, reducing the likelihood of needing to consider selective pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis.
Overall, the decision to undergo preimplantation genetic testing should be made in consultation with a fertility specialist or genetic counselor, taking into account individual circumstances, medical history, and personal preferences.
How is PGT Performed?
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), also known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), is a specialized procedure performed during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to assess the genetic health of embryos before implantation. Here’s an overview of how PGT is typically conducted:
Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Retrieval: The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, where fertility medications are administered to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once the eggs reach maturity, they are retrieved from the ovaries using a minimally invasive procedure called transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration.
Fertilization: The retrieved eggs are then fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting to create embryos. This can be achieved through conventional IVF, where eggs and sperm are combined in a culture dish, or through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single sperm is injected directly into each egg.
Embryo Culture: The fertilized embryos are cultured in a controlled environment for several days, typically up to five or six days, allowing them to develop and reach the blastocyst stage.
Embryo Biopsy: At the blastocyst stage, a small number of cells are carefully removed from each embryo for genetic analysis. The biopsy procedure involves using specialized tools to extract cells from the outer layer of the embryo, known as the trophectoderm, which will eventually develop into the placenta.
Genetic Analysis: The biopsied cells are then subjected to genetic analysis to assess their chromosomal makeup or to identify specific genetic mutations or abnormalities, depending on the type of PGT being performed (PGT-A, PGT-M, or PGT-SR). This analysis may involve techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), or next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Embryo Selection: Following genetic analysis, embryos that are determined to be chromosomally normal or free from the targeted genetic mutation or abnormality are selected for transfer to the uterus.
Embryo Transfer: The selected embryos are transferred to the woman’s uterus, typically three to five days after egg retrieval, using a thin catheter inserted through the cervix. Any remaining viable embryos may be cryopreserved (frozen) for future use.
Pregnancy Testing: Approximately 10 to 14 days after embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is performed to determine if implantation has occurred.
Overall, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a sophisticated procedure that combines elements of IVF with genetic analysis to identify and select genetically healthy embryos for transfer, thereby maximizing the chances of a successful pregnancy while minimizing the risk of passing on genetic disorders to future offspring.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing At Krishna IVF
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) at Krishna IVF represents a pinnacle of excellence in assisted reproductive technology. Our dedicated team of experts, equipped with cutting-edge laboratory facilities and technology, conducts meticulous genetic analysis at the blastocyst stage.
At Krishna IVF, we understand the profound significance of PGT in family planning. Our skilled laboratory professionals delicately perform embryo biopsies, extracting trophectoderm cells required for genetic testing. This precision ensures that couples can make informed decisions, confidently working towards the birth of healthy offspring, free from chromosomal abnormalities or known genetic disorders.
Our commitment to excellence in PGT underscores our dedication to helping individuals and couples navigate their journey towards parenthood with confidence and assurance. With Krishna IVF, you can trust that your family-building aspirations are supported by expertise, innovation, and unwavering commitment to your reproductive health and well-being.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing Procеss
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a comprehensive procedure designed to assess the genetic health of embryos before implantation, ensuring a higher likelihood of successful pregnancies and the birth of healthy children. Here’s an overview of the PGT process:
Initial Consultation: The process begins with an initial consultation with a fertility specialist at a reputable clinic, such as Krishna IVF. During this consultation, the specialist discusses the couple’s medical history, genetic risk factors, and reasons for pursuing PGT.
Ovarian Stimulation and Egg Retrieval: Following the consultation, the woman undergoes ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs. Once the eggs reach maturity, they are retrieved using a minimally invasive procedure.
Fertilization: The retrieved eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting, either through conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), to create embryos.
Embryo Culture: The fertilized embryos are cultured in a controlled environment for several days, allowing them to develop to the blastocyst stage.
Embryo Biopsy: At the blastocyst stage, a small number of cells are carefully removed from each embryo for genetic analysis. This biopsy process is performed by highly skilled laboratory professionals and is crucial for obtaining the genetic information needed for PGT.
Genetic Analysis: The biopsied cells undergo genetic analysis to assess their chromosomal makeup or identify specific genetic mutations or abnormalities. Various techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS), may be employed depending on the type of PGT being performed.
Embryo Selection: Based on the results of the genetic analysis, embryos that are determined to be chromosomally normal or free from specific genetic mutations are selected for transfer to the uterus.
Embryo Transfer: The selected embryos are transferred to the woman’s uterus, typically three to five days after egg retrieval, using a thin catheter inserted through the cervix.
Pregnancy Testing: Approximately 10 to 14 days after embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is performed to determine if implantation has occurred.
Follow-up Care: Throughout the PGT process and beyond, couples receive personalized care and support from their fertility clinic, ensuring that they are well-informed and supported at every step of their journey towards parenthood.
The preimplantation genetic testing process is a meticulously orchestrated series of steps that involves the expertise of fertility specialists and laboratory professionals to assess the genetic health of embryos and optimize the chances of successful pregnancies and the birth of healthy children.
What Is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Cost
The cost of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can vary depending on several factors, including the clinic or fertility center, the type of genetic testing required, and any additional services or procedures involved. In general, the cost of PGD may encompass expenses related to initial consultations, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, laboratory procedures such as embryo biopsy and genetic analysis, embryo transfer, and follow-up care.
Similarly, the cost of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) in India or any other country can also vary based on similar factors. PGS involves screening embryos for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic defects, and the cost may include fees for laboratory testing, embryo biopsy, genetic analysis, and related services.
It’s essential for individuals or couples considering PGD or PGS to inquire about the specific costs and fees associated with these procedures at their chosen fertility clinic. Additionally, discussing potential financial assistance options or insurance coverage with the clinic or consulting with a financial counselor can help individuals make informed decisions about their reproductive options while considering the associated costs.