Karyotyping
Karyotyping is a cytogenetic laboratory technique used to evaluate the number, size, structure, and arrangement of chromosomes within a cell. The test assists identification of selected chromosomal abnormalities associated with reproductive, developmental, genetic, or fertility-related conditions.
Human cells normally contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, including sex chromosomes. Karyotype analysis involves preparation and microscopic evaluation of metaphase chromosomes obtained from cultured cells using specialized cytogenetic laboratory techniques and chromosomal banding methods.
Different biological samples may be utilized for karyotype analysis depending on the clinical indication, including peripheral blood, chorionic villus samples (CVS), amniotic fluid, fetal tissue, bone marrow, or selected tissue specimens.
Karyotype analysis may assist evaluation of selected chromosomal abnormalities including numerical abnormalities such as trisomies or sex chromosome variations, and structural abnormalities including translocations, inversions, deletions, duplications, or mosaic chromosomal patterns.
In reproductive medicine workflows, karyotyping may be considered in selected clinical situations including recurrent pregnancy loss, infertility, recurrent IVF failure, previous pregnancy with chromosomal abnormality, congenital anomalies, abnormal prenatal screening results, neonatal abnormalities, or selected family history-related indications.
Parental karyotyping may additionally be advised in selected couples with recurrent miscarriages, chromosomal abnormalities identified in the fetus, previous abnormal pregnancy outcomes, or unexplained reproductive concerns.
Prenatal cytogenetic evaluation may involve procedures such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, or cordocentesis depending on gestational age, clinical indications, and obstetric assessment.
Karyotyping at Krishna IVF forms part of broader reproductive genetics, cytogenetics, prenatal evaluation, fertility assessment, and individualized reproductive medicine workflows.
